About Zhou Enlai
Zhou Enlai (Chinese: 周恩来; pinyin: Zhōu Ēnlái; Wade–Giles: Chou1 Ên1-lai2; 5 March 1898 – 8 January 1976) was a Chinese statesman, diplomat, and revolutionary who served as the first Premier of the People's Republic of China from October 1949 until his death in January 1976. Zhou was among the Chinese Communist Party's earliest leaders, though he was subordinate to Mao Zedong following the Zunyi Conference. After the founding of the PRC, he helped Mao consolidate party power and shape foreign policy, while striving to maintain state operations amid tumultuous politics. As a diplomat, Zhou served as the PRC's foreign minister from 1949 to 1958. Advocating peaceful coexistence with the West after the Korean War, he attended the 1954 Geneva Conference and the 1955 Bandung Conference, helped orchestrate Richard Nixon's 1972 visit to China, and steered China's relations with major countries including the United States and the Soviet Union. As premier, Zhou was the main force maintaining the Chinese government and economy during the Cultural Revolution. He remained deferential to Mao, but attempted to mitigate the damage and to shield some from purges and persecution. Deng Xiaoping maintained that without Zhou, the Cultural Revolution might have been worse, but might not have dragged on for as long. As Mao's health declined after the Lin Biao Incident, Zhou was elected first Vice Chairman of the Communist Party by the 10th Central Committee in 1973, thereby designated Mao's successor (the third so designated after Liu Shaoqi and Lin Biao), though he continued to contend with the Gang of Four. After the 4th National People's Congress on 13 January 1975, he withdrew from public life for medical treatment and died the following year. The outpouring of grief turned into the 1976 Tiananmen Incident and signaled the beginning of the end for the Cultural Revolution. Zhou's grandfather, Zhou Panlong, and his granduncle, Zhou Jun'ang, were the first members of the family to move to Huai'an. Nankai Middle School was founded by Yan Xiu, a prominent scholar and philanthropist, and headed by Zhang Boling, one of the most important Chinese educators of the 20th century. Zhou served under Chairman Mao Zedong and aided the Communist Party in rising to power, later helping consolidate its control, form its foreign policy, and develop the Chinese economy.
Biography source: Wikipedia. The profile adds birthday-specific historical context from the Celebs Birthday Today editorial database.