About Maria Trubnikova
Maria Vasilievna Trubnikova (Russian: Мария Васильевна Трубникова, née Ivasheva [Ивашева]; 6 January 1835 – 28 April 1897) was a Russian feminist, activist and women's rights champion in the 19th century. Of mixed Russian and French heritage, Trubnikova was orphaned at an early age and subsequently raised by a wealthy relative. She married at 19, and she and her husband, Konstantin, had seven children. In adulthood, Trubnikova hosted a women-only salon in Saint Petersburg which became a center of feminist activism. She also maintained international connections to fellow feminists in England, France, and other countries. Alongside Anna Filosofova and Nadezhda Stasova, whom she mentored, Trubnikova was one of the earliest leaders of the Russian women's movement. Together, the three friends and allies were referred to as the "triumvirate". They founded and led several organizations designed to promote women's cultural and economic independence, including a publishing cooperative. Subsequently, they successfully pushed government officials to allow higher education for women, although continuing opposition meant that their achievements were sometimes limited or reversed. In later life, Trubnikova experienced severe illness and personal difficulties. She died in 1897. Trubnikov, using Trubnikova's inheritance from her aunt for funding, became a stock trader and founded a newspaper, Birzhevyie Vedomosti. Trubnikova, Nadezhda Stasova and Anna Filosofova (two other members of Trubnikova's salon) became close friends and allies, and were referred to by their contemporaries as the "triumvirate".
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